terça-feira, 17 de junho de 2008

Quando a Democracia e Eleições são Patológicas

Nasci num país democrático, ainda que isso me custe em algum momento a minha liberdade e também me frustre nas escolhas, principalmente quando as minhas escolhas são descartadas. Em Novembro, irémos as urnas escolher, por voto secreto o próximo edil da Matola, que será o mais votado, o que ao longo da campanha vai se apresentar com melhor projecto.

Teremos, a principio, candidatos independentes e representantes de diversos partidos políticos, pois a nossa legislação assim o permite. Mas esta liberdade de participação e candidatura tem os seus contornos, estou a falar dos prováveis vícios ao processo eleitoral, com vista a conferir vitória a um dos candidatos. Todos eles podem, consciente ou inconscientemente, viciar o conjunto de regras e procedimentos eleitorais. Queria aqui discutir algumas formas de viciação eleitoral.

Em primeiro lugar queria olhar para a pressão sobre os candidatos. Estes podem sofrer sansões e ameaças a sua integridade moral, física, económica e acima de tudo política, que os leva a desistir das suas aspirações, principalmente os da oposição. Suas actividades de campanha, nomeadamente, comícios populares, afixação de cartazes, aparecimento em meios de comunicação, etc., são sabotadas, como forma de desencorajá-los a seguir em frente.

Em segundo plano, queria falar das pressões sobre o povo, os eleitores. Em relação a estes, a viciação eleitoral acorre através de ameaças de represálias efectuadas pelo patronato, pelos ricos, governantes, pelas autoridades policiais, etc. Quantas vezes, não ouvimos nossos compatriotas a se queixarem de ameaças de perder emprego, caso fossem da oposição das convicções político-partidárias, do patronato, governantes? Quando isto acontece, a liberdade de voto é abalada e já não há livre exercício do sufrágio. Estamos aqui perante uma situação de intimidação dos indivíduos e das suas liberdades.

O outro aspecto que gostaria de discutir aqui, tem haver com as questões de cidadania que podem de alguma forma viciar os processos eleitorais. Residência no local onde concorre e a idade por exemplo. Muitos candidatos são excluídos pelo senso comum, pois eles possuem idades que a sociedade julga inferiores para o exercício do poder, ainda que suas habilidades sejam reconhecidas. Assim, o povo também vicia desta forma, o processo eleitoral. Estamos a falar de todos julgamentos e argumentos falaciosos que ofuscam o processo, protagonizados pelo povo.

As sondagens de opinião também podem concorrer para a viciação dos processos eleitorais. Imaginemos uma situação em que, uma grupo intelectual com legitimidade e autoridade, decide promover uma sondagem de opinião e as amostras levam para vitória de um certo candidato ou partido político, obviamente que os eleitores virão suas intenções de voto abaladas, os partidos políticos e os candidatos sentirão-se forçados a traçar mecanismos para assegurar a vitória, e o processo eleitoral fica prostituído de anomalias.

A liberdade tanto exaltada nos processos eleitorais, significa que o eleitor, faz uma escolha consciente do seu candidato, assim como o pode não fazer, em relação a este ou aquele candidato. Liberdade de voto significa que o acto está isento de pressões, portanto aqueles que forem a vencer através da viciação (pressão), terão autoridade mas não a legitimidade. É preciso que se tome em consideração as liberdades públicas (individuais e colectivas), para que o escrutínio de Novembro seja um sucesso.

O tão propalado autoritarismo político, cá entre nós, não tem espaço graças ao multipartidarismo, conquistado não por um grupinho, mas pelo povo que sempre lutou contra todas forças de mal e todas formas de dominação do homem pelo homem. Pode sim, existir algumas tendências de autoritarismo, é inevitável em qualquer parte do mundo, aliás isto caracteriza os governos dia, mas esta é somente uma aspiração que não pode ser legalmente instituída, abertamente proclamada, pois espaço não existe.

Certamente alguns irão ficar indignados como minha posição, mas queria elucidar que temos alguns exemplos de que a oposição, o povo, tem algum poder para fazer recuar o governo das posições com tendência para autoritarismo e prepotência.

As posições que cada um tomou até agora, devem ser banhadas de coragem e preceverança, para que as várias pressões ou viciações eleitorais não façam mudar nada. Neste momento, muita coisa irá acontecer para influenciar as nossas intenções de voto, temos que ter cuidado com a demagogia, elemento típico da Dbemocracia.

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